Recent research from the University of Edinburgh reveals that Paracetamol, a widely used painkiller, can induce liver damage. Studies conducted on mice shed light on how this popular pain reliever affects the liver, providing crucial insights into the mechanisms behind its toxicity, which can sometimes be fatal and challenging to treat.
The findings underscore the significance of understanding Paracetamol-induced organ failure, particularly as it stands as a leading cause of acute liver failure in Western countries. Researchers at the University of Edinburgh investigated the impact of Paracetamol on liver cells in both human and mouse tissues. They discovered that under specific conditions, Paracetamol disrupts the liver by interfering with tight junctions between cells, essential for maintaining tissue structure and function. While such cell destruction has been associated with liver diseases like cancer, cirrhosis, and hepatitis, its connection to Paracetamol toxicity was previously unknown.
Moving forward, the researchers aim to develop a reliable method utilizing human liver cells as an alternative to animal testing. This approach will facilitate the examination of different Paracetamol doses and durations, identifying potential targets for novel drug therapies. Published in Scientific Reports, the study involved collaboration among researchers from the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service and the Universities of Edinburgh and Oslo, with support from the Chief Scientist Office and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.
Despite Paracetamol’s widespread use due to its affordability, safety, and effectiveness under proper administration, drug-induced liver damage remains a significant clinical concern, hindering the development of safer medications. The study underscores the importance of cautious Paracetamol use and offers insights into mitigating potential harm resulting from misuse.
Dr. Leonard Nelson from the Hepatology Laboratory and Institute for Bioengineering emphasizes the significance of these findings in understanding and preventing Paracetamol-related harm. While research on Paracetamol toxicity has a long-standing history, recent advancements in biosensor technology present new opportunities for unraveling its mechanisms, as highlighted by Pierre Bagnaninchi from the MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine.